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Objective To study the correlation of patellar stability with age ,knee Kellgren-Lawrence grading and patellar Wiberg typing of adults with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) .Methods Through cross-sectional study , we asked 143 adult patients with KBD from several villages in Gansu Province to receive digital radiographic x-ray (DR) which included lateral slice of knee joint and axis slice of patellar .Meanwhile ,each patient had to undergo patellar stability measurement on the DR film which included some indexes such as Insall index , lateral patellofemoral angle ,sulcus angle ,congruence angle ,lateral migrating ratio of patella ,and patellofemoral index . Then ,all the participants were divided into four groups based on the patella Wiberg typing and three groups based on KBD clinical grading .Last ,we analyzed the correlation of patellar stability with patellar Wiberg typing ,clinical KBD grading ,and Kellgren-Lawrence grading of the patients by Spearman test .Results ① By ANOVA test on the patella Wiberg typing ,lateral patellofemoral angle decreased with increased level of patella Wiberg typing ,but congruence angle ,lateral migrating ratio of patella ,and patellofemoral index were increased with increased level of patella Wiberg typing . P values of the six indexes were all <0 .05 ,which indicated that these differences between groups were significant .By ANOVA test on the KBD clinical grading ,lateral patellofemoral angle decreased with increased level of KBD clinical grading ,but congruence angle ,lateral migrating ratio of patella ,sulcus angle ,and patellofemoral index increased with increased level of KBD clinical grading .Besides that P value of Insall index was>0 .05 , P value of the other five indexes were all <0 .05 ,which indicated these differences between groups were significant .② Spearman test :a strong correlation lay between Wiberg patellar typing and other indexes including age ,lateral patellofemoral angle ,congruence angle ,lateral migrating ratio of patella ,and patellofemoral index ( R=0 .684 ,0 .752 ,0 .582 ,0 .533 ,0 .735 , P< 0 .05) .However ,there was no correlation between Wiberg patellar typing and K-L photographical grading (R=0 .030 ,P>0 .05) .K-L grading was strongly correlated with age (R=0 .782 , P< 0 .05 ) , weakly correlated with lateral migrating ratio of patella ( R = 0 .104 , P> 0 .05 ) , but not correlated with the others ( R < 0 .1 , P> 0 .05 ) . Age was strongly correlated with K-L grading and lateral patellofemoral angle (R=0 .782 ,0 .506 ,P<0 .05) ,moderately correlated with congruence angle ,lateral migrating ratio of patella ,and patellofemoral index (R=0 .403 ,0 .361 ,0 .475 , P< 0 .05) ,but not correlated with Wiberg typing ,sulcus angle ,or Insall index ( R=0 .024 ,0 .074 ,0 .053 , P>0 .05) .Conclusion Patellar Wiberg typing is the key factor which influences latellar stability ;age has a limited influence ,while K-L grading does not affect patellar stability .
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Objective To study the correlation between knee biomechanics and clinical manifestation in adults with Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD). Methods Three hundred and eighty-nine digital radiographic X-ray (DR)anteroposterior keen films of adult KBD patients diagnosed at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gansu Province from Sep 2012 to Sep 2016 were taken as subjects of observation and were retrospectively reviewed. Every patient must undergo a WOMAC function evaluation for knee joint and biomechanic angle measure for the lower limbs on the DR film which included femur angle, tibial angle, femur-tibial angle and joint space angle, Insall-Salvati index (LT/LP), and LT/HI index. Then, the regression equation was built and the correlation analysis was made with multiple linear regression test. Results Three hundred and eighty-nine patients' average scores of femur angle(X1),tibial angle(X2),joint space angle(X3),femur-tibial angle(X4),LT/LP index(X5),LT/HI index (X6) and WOMAC evaluation were (76.32 ± 2.05)°, (110.65 ± 4.68)°, (4.73 ± 0.91)°, (137.56 ± 2.29)°, 0.98 ± 0.12, 1.73 ± 0.11, and (61.35 ± 7.68) scores. By multiple linear regression test, femur angle, tibial angle, femur-tibial angle,LT/LP index, and LT/HI index were selected to enter into the equation; while, joint space angle was rejected. The multiple linear regression equation was as follows: Y = - 77.307 - 6.327X6+ 1.360X1+ 1.310X5+ 0.331X4-0.147X2.The adjusted determination coefficient (R2) of the equation was 0.958. Through variance analysis, the fitted equation had statistical significance (F = 1 790.391, P < 0.05). Through two- tailed significance test, the above-mentioned 5 indexes that were adopted to enter this question were in significant correlation with WOMAC scores(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a significant correlation between knee biomechanic angle and WOMAC scoring in adults with KBD,which is reflected with the following parameters from big to small in turn:femur angle,tibial angle, LT/LP index,femur-tibial angle,LT/HI index,.
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Objective To study the correlation between patellar stability and keen clinical manifestation in adults with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD).Methods Through a cross-sectional study in September 2016,one hundred and forty-three adult patients with KBD were asked to accept a digital radiographic X-ray (DR) which included positive and lateral slices of knee joint and axis slice of patellar.Meanwhile,every patient must undergo a Lysholm function evaluation for knee joint and morphological measurement on the DR film which included Insall index,lateral patellofemoral angle,sulcus angle,congruence angle,lateral migrating ratio of patella,and patellofemoral index.Then,the regression equation was built and the correlation analysis was made with multiple linear regression test.Results One hundred and forty-three patients' average scores of Insall index,lateral patellofemoral angle,sulcus angle,congruence angle,lateral migrating ratio of patella,patellofemoral index and Lysholm score were 1.10 ± 0.17,(14.49 ± 1.47)°,(138.08 ± 3.86)°,(11.55 ± 2.17)°,(1.34 ± 0.13)％,1.18 ±0.10,and (62.96 ± 6.11) scores.By multiple linear regression test,Insall index (X1),congruence angle (X4),lateral migrating ratio of patella (X5),and patellofemoral index (X6) were selected to enter into the equation;while,lateral patellofemoral angle and sulcus angle were rejected.The multiple linear regression equation was as follows:Y =17.529 + 15.232X5 + 0.950X4 + 15.957X6-4.224X1.The adjusted determination coefficient (R2) of the equation was 0.559.Those indexes which were selected to enter into the equation were ranked from big to small based on the impact on Lysholm as follow:congruence angle,lateral migrating ratio of patella,patellofemoral index,and Insall index.Among them,Lysholm score had a negative correlation with Insall index.Through variance analysis,F valve was 46.642,and P ＜ 0.05,which meant the fitted equation had statistical significance.Conclusion There is significant correlation between the patellar stability and knee Lysholm scoring in adult with KBD,which is reflected with the following parameters from big to small in turn:patellofemoral index,lateral migrating ratio of patella,congruence angle and Insall index.
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Madelung deformity is a rare deformity of forearm and wrist caused by growth disorders of distal radius ulnar and palmar epiphyseal. Current studies showed that its incidence mainly associated with trauma, epiphyseal developmental abnormalities, nutritional disorders and genetic deletion or mutation. The early clinical presentation is not typical, in middle and late time, wrist deformity and weak can appear. Plain film considered as the main means of diagnosis is often lack of early diagnosis significance. Although wrist joint magnetic resonance imaging showing early soft tissue and skeletal abnormalities were used for the early diagnosis of the disease, current domestic study in magnetic resonance imaging of this deformity is less. According to the size of the distal ulnar inclination angle and palm angle, this deformity can be divided into different types. The patients with severe deformity and symptoms usually need surgical intervention including ulna revision and osteotomy of the distal radius at present. Although the two operation can achieve good clinical results, the surgical trauma, infection and postoperative risk of joint activities are more.
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As a novel branch of combinational chemistry, dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) can be viewed as a technique which combines library synthesis and screening in one pot. By addition of molecular target, ligangds, which show binding affinity or strong interaction with the molecular target, can be amplified an young but rapidly growing branch of combinatorial chemistry, has been widely used in organic chemistry, biochemistry, material fields. Ligands in the library can be amplified, since synthesis of the library is screened by a molecular target. Therefore, these structures could be identified easily. Consequently DCC has been widely used in the lead discovery, material chemistry and other fields. On the basis of the principle and method of DCC, this review emphasizes the three factors of DCC, including molecular targets (bio-enzyme, lectin, nucleic acid, organic molecule, inorganic molecule); reaction (disulphide chemistry, ammoniation reduction reaction, hydrazone chemistry, etc.) and analytical method. Meanwhile, limitation, current situation and future development of DCC were also discussed in this paper.
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Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Methods , Enzymes , Chemistry , Lectins , Chemistry , Nucleic Acids , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of calponin-1 expression inhibition on the proliferation , invasiveness, apoptosis and cytoskeleton of uterine smooth muscle cells, and explore the molecular mechanism of calponin-1 in the uterine smooth muscle cells for labor onset.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>siRNA-calponin-1 adenovirus plasmid was constructed and transfected into primarily cultured uterine smooth muscle cells. The proliferation, invasiveness and apoptosis of the cells were determined by MTT assay, matrigel invasion assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Rhodamine-Phalloidin was used for labeling filamentous actin (F-actin), and the morphology and the distribution of F-actin was observed under fluorescence microscopy and analyzed quantitatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The motor ability of uterine smooth muscle cells decreased significantly after transfection with siRNA-calponin-1 adenovirus plasmid (P<0.05). The transfected cells showed thinner, loosened and irregular F-actin microfibers, and the cells in the empty vector and blank control groups showed thicker and longer F-actin microfibers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhibition of calponin-1 expression can inhibit uterine smooth muscle cell migration and cause the morphological change and rearrangement of F-actin without affecting its proliferation and apoptosis in vitro, suggesting that the morphological change and rearrangement of F-actin of uterine smooth muscle cell may be one of the important mechanisms in the labor onset.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Apoptosis , Calcium-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Gene Silencing , Microfilament Proteins , Genetics , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Cell Biology , Metabolism , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Uterus , Cell Biology , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the procedure and the value of G-banding, fluorescence in sit hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) techniques in prenatal diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Karyotype analyses with three diagnostic procedures, G-banding, G-banding and FISH, G-banding, FISH and CGH, were performed in the amniotic fluid samples taken from 102 fetuses at gestational ages 16-24 weeks. And the significance was valued in prenatal diagnosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the first procedure of karyotype analysis, 98 cases were diagnosed, 2 cases were not conformed while 2 cases were failed in all 102 cases. In the second procedure, 2 cases were determined, 1 case was not conformed and 1 case was still failed. In the third step, 2 cases were diagnosed. The diagnostic rate of the karyotype reached to 100% (102/102 cases) using all the three procedures. In total, seven cases with chromosomal abnormality were diagnosed. Four cases, 1 case and 2 cases were identified in the first step (4/7, 57.1%), the second (1/7, 14.3%) and the third (2/7, 28.5%), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It can help improve the diagnostic rate of chromosomal aberrations and standardize diagnostic procedure to perform the three detecting steps in prenatal diagnosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Banding , Methods , Chromosome Disorders , Diagnosis , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 , Comparative Genomic Hybridization , Methods , Fetus , Gestational Age , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Intellectual Disability , Genetics , Karyotyping , Methods , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Methods , Prenatal Diagnosis , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , MethodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the value of ultrasonographic evaluation in fetal deformity in prenatal diagnosis by a systematic continuous sequence approach (SCSA).@*METHODS@#Successive prenatal ultrasonographic evaluation was performed to monitor the whole anatomic structure,form, posture and movement of 16,685 fetuses during gestation aging 14 approximately 40(+3) weeks.@*RESULTS@#Satisfactory ultrasonic images were obtained in 16,627 fetuses using the SCSA (99.65%). Of them, 514 abnormal fetuses were confirmed after subsequent labor or induced labor and 498 abnormal fetuses were correctly diagnosed using SCSA during prenatal stage (96.89%). Whereas 16 fetuses missed recognition (3.11%). Its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of diagnosis on fetal deformity were 96.98%, 99.96%, 98.66%, and 99.90 %, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#SCSA in prenatal ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal structure and malformation is reliable and accurate.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Congenital Abnormalities , Diagnostic Imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , MethodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To screen the differentially expressed gene profile from the smooth muscles in the fundus uterus at the active stage of labor, and to provide candidate genes for picking out the drug targets related to uterine contraction.@*METHODS@#Differentially expressed genes of uterine smooth muscles in the corpus from pro and post spontaneous parturition and those induced by oxytocin,as well as those from the corpus and the lower portion spontaneous parturition,were scanned respectively by human full-length genetic cDNA microarray with 8064 probe sets. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to testify the expression of voltage dependent calcium channel-L subtype (CACNA). The differentially expressed genes in the structure and function of the drug targets were picked out by bio-informatics to serve as candidate drug targets related to uterine contraction.@*RESULTS@#The expressions of 29 genes were upregulated in fundus smooth muscles from the pro and post natural parturition, the pro and post inductive parturition of oxytocin, and the natural parturition. The expression of CACNA gene in RT-PCR was in accordance with that in the microarray. Among the 29 genes, neuromedin B receptor (NMBR) gene and neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene were the genes which not only had the targets of uterine contracted medicine, but also could contract the uterine. The differential expression ratios of NMBR in the above 3 types of uterine myometrium were 6.9,11.3, and 9.0, respectively while those of NPY were 6.0,29.8, and 2.9 respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#NMBR, whose expression in the uterine smooth muscles is always up-regulated at different parturition conditions, is likely to be an ideal candidate target of uterotonic drugs.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Calcium Channels , Genetics , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Profiling , Myometrium , Neuropeptide Y , Genetics , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Receptors, Bombesin , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Uterine ContractionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the interacting effects between pregnancy and flares of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to explore the best occasion for SLE patients' conception and the management during the pregnancy.@*METHODS@#Thirty one cases of pregnancy complicated with SLE were investigated retrospectively, among whom 18 were in remission of SLE at the beginning of conception (Group A), and the other 13 either had high-activity of the disease or were first diagnosed as SLE during the pregnancy (Group B). Various doses of prednisone were administered to control SLE.@*RESULTS@#SLE flares still occurred in 6 cases in Group A, but in all cases in Group B. Compared with Group A, the rates of fetal loss and early delivery were significantly higher in Group B (P < 0.05), while the survival rate and the weight of the new born were notably decreased in Group B (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Pregnancy and SLE interacted with each other unfavorably. Selection of remission stage for conception and proper management during the pregnancy could significantly improve the maternal-fetal safety.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Therapeutics , Pregnancy Complications , Therapeutics , Pregnancy Outcome , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To examine the normal range of the width of posterior cranial fossa (WPCF) in the second and third trimester by ultrasonography, and to investigate its relationship with fetal congenital and chromosome abnormality.@*METHODS@#WPCF of 2484 fetus (gestational age from 14 to 41 weeks) was measured by ultrasonograph routinely, and the infants were followed up.@*RESULTS@#In 2848 fetus, 2772 were normal and 76 were abnormal. WPCF increased before 32 weeks, decreased after 33 weeks, the largest value of WPCF was 13.4 mm. The occurrence rate of WPCF> or =8 mm in normal fetus was 8.84%, and that in abnormal fetus was 17.46%. Most fetuses with chromosome abnormality had normal WPCF in the second trimester, but some fetuses with remarkable broadening in the late stage. Some abnormal fetuses (such as water head, Dandy-Walker's syndrome etc) showed significant extension of WPCF.@*CONCLUSION@#WPCF increases before 32 weeks, decreases after 33 weeks;and can be easily measured during 29 - 32 weeks. WPCF of some fetus with chromosome abnormality or with congenital abnormality is remarkably broadened in the late stage. The fetus of WPCF> or =10 mm should be followed up closely, and antenatal diagnosis should be done if WPCF is more than 14 mm.